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Czesław Marchaj
Czesław Antony Marchaj (9 July 1918 – 21 July 2015), often known in the West as C.A. Marchaj or Tony Marchaj, was a Polish-British yachtsman and professor whose published scientific studies of the aerodynamics and hydrodynamics of sailing boats have been hugely influential on yacht, sail and rig designers. He was the author of a classic work ''"Sailing Theory and Practice"'' and approximately 60 other publications on sailing. He was a member of the Royal Institute of Naval Architects (RINA),〔http://www.rina.org.uk/〕 and he was awarded the Silver Medal of The International Sailing Federation (ISAF).〔http://www.sailing.org/about/isaf/awards/medals.php〕
==Early life and education==
His original youth interest and professional career choice was aviation, with emphasis on gliding.〔http://www.dziennikbaltycki.pl/artykul/72326,to-pod-zaglami-to-za-kratkami,id,t.html〕 After studying at the State Academy of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering〔Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Budowy Maszyn i Elektrotechniki im. H. Wawelberga i S. Rotwanda w Warszawie〕 in Warsaw, he joined the Warsaw University of Technology. Led wind tunnel testing of combat airplanes.〔 During the German and Soviet occupation of Poland during World War II soldier of the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa).〔 Also, during the war years, Czesław Marchaj studied philosophy (clandestinely, as higher education was suppressed by occupation authorities) under Władysław Tatarkiewicz.〔(Professor Czeslaw Marchaj visiting National Sailing Centre ), www.zagle.com.pl, 2008 December 04〕
In the postwar years his interest had turned towards sailing. This resulted (in 1949) in a sentence in a politically motivated process to a prison term〔This is disputed - possibly what sources call "prison term" was a lengthy arrest under these charges. There is no dispute as to the fact of arrest.〕 under false charges of espionage and "trying to escape to the West" and subsequent long term harassment.〔〔Czesław Marchaj was one of the country top Finn class competitors, but was blocked by Polish authorities from international competitions for political reasons. He also was blocked from work in state-controlled establishments, what under the communist system made any research or advanced technology related work a near impossibility.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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